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検証するCNSPミシュレーション問題試験-試験の準備方法-信頼的なCNSP参考資料
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CNSP参考資料 & CNSP日本語復習赤本
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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner 認定 CNSP 試験問題 (Q29-Q34):
質問 # 29
What is the response from a closed UDP port which is not behind a firewall?
- A. None of the above
- B. ICMP message showing Destination Unreachable
- C. A RST packet
- D. No response
正解:B
解説:
UDP is a connectionless protocol, and its behavior when a packet reaches a port depends on whether the port is open or closed. Without a firewall altering the response, the standard protocol applies.
Why A is correct: When a UDP packet is sent to a closed port, the host typically responds with an ICMP Type 3 (Destination Unreachable), Code 3 (Port Unreachable) message, indicating no service is listening. CNSP notes this as a key indicator in port scanning.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: RST packets are TCP-specific, not used in UDP.
C: No response occurs for open UDP ports unless an application replies, not closed ports.
D: A is correct, so "none of the above" is invalid.
質問 # 30
What kind of files are "Dotfiles" in a Linux-based architecture?
- A. System files
- B. Hidden files
- C. Driver files
- D. Library files
正解:B
解説:
In Linux, file visibility is determined by naming conventions, impacting how files are listed or accessed in the file system.
Why D is correct: "Dotfiles" are files or directories with names starting with a dot (e.g., .bashrc), making them hidden by default in directory listings (e.g., ls requires -a to show them). They are commonly used for user configuration, as per CNSP's Linux security overview.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Library files (e.g., in /lib) aren't inherently hidden.
B: Driver files (e.g., kernel modules in /lib/modules) aren't dotfiles by convention.
C: System files may or may not be hidden; "dotfiles" specifically denotes hidden status.
質問 # 31
Where are the password hashes stored in the Linux file system?
- A. /etc/passwd
- B. /etc/password
- C. /usr/bin/shadow
- D. /etc/shadow
正解:D
解説:
In Linux, password hashes are stored in a secure file to protect user authentication data. The evolution of Linux security practices moved password storage from plaintext or weakly protected files to a more secure location.
Why C is correct: The /etc/shadow file is the standard location for storing password hashes in modern Linux systems. This file is readable only by the root user, enhancing security by restricting access. It contains encrypted password hashes (typically using algorithms like SHA-512), along with user details such as password expiration policies. CNSP documentation on Linux security emphasizes /etc/shadow as the authoritative source for password hashes, replacing older methods.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . /etc/passwd: Historically, /etc/passwd stored passwords in plaintext or weakly hashed forms (e.g., using DES), but modern systems use it only for user account information (e.g., UID, GID, home directory) and reference /etc/shadow for hashes.
B . /etc/password: This is not a valid file in the Linux file system; it appears to be a typographical error or misunderstanding, with no recognized role in password storage.
D . /usr/bin/shadow: /usr/bin contains executable binaries, not configuration or data files like password hashes. /etc/shadow is the correct path.
質問 # 32
The application is showing a TLS error message as a result of a website administrator failing to timely renew the TLS certificate. But upon deeper analysis, it appears that the problem is brought on by the expiration of the TLS certificate. Which of the following statements is correct?
- A. The communication between the browser and the server is now no longer over TLS.
- B. The communication between the browser and the server is still over TLS.
正解:A
解説:
TLS (Transport Layer Security) secures communication (e.g., HTTPS) using certificates, per RFC 8446. A certificate includes:
Validity Period: Start and end dates (e.g., "Not After: March 8, 2025").
Purpose: Authenticates the server and encrypts the session.
Scenario: An expired TLS certificate (e.g., past "Not After" date). Modern browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) validate certificates during the handshake:
ClientHello: Browser initiates TLS.
ServerHello: Server sends its certificate.
Validation: Browser checks expiration, CA trust, etc.
If expired, browsers reject the handshake, displaying errors (e.g., "NET::ERR_CERT_DATE_INVALID"). No session key is negotiated, and communication doesn't proceed over TLS. Users may bypass warnings (e.g., "Advanced > Proceed"), but this is unencrypted or uses a fallback (not standard TLS), breaking security guarantees.
Security Implications: Expired certificates expose sites to MITM attacks, as trust is lost. CNSP likely emphasizes certificate management (e.g., automation with Let's Encrypt) to avoid this.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . The communication is still over TLS: False; an expired certificate halts the TLS handshake in compliant browsers. Legacy systems might negotiate insecurely, but this isn't "TLS" per standards.
Real-World Context: The 2019 Equifax breach partially stemmed from expired certificates missing vulnerabilities.
質問 # 33
How many octets are there in an IPv6 address?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解:A
解説:
An IPv6 address, defined in RFC 4291, is a 128-bit address designed to replace IPv4's 32-bit scheme, vastly expanding address space (2